PRONOUNS (VIWAKILISHI)
Haya ni maneno kama vile I, you, he, she, it, we, they, us, ours, their ambayo yanatumika badala ya nouns (majina) kuonyesha mtu au kitu ambacho tayari kimeshatajwa, hasahasa tunatumia ili kuepuka kurudia rudia kutaja jina. Kwa mfano:
Ally was tired so he went home.
(Ally alichoka hivyo alienda nyumbani.)
Ally - jina (noun).........he - kiwakilishi (pronoun)
Kwa mfano wa hapo juu, tumetaja jina la mtu kwa mara ya kwanza na mara ya pili tumetaja kiwakilishi chake ili kuepuka kurudia rudia kulitaja jina tena. Kama tusingetumia kiwakilishi sentensi ingekuwa kama hivi :
Ally was tired so Ally went home.
(Ally alichoka hivyo Ally alienda kulala.) - sentensi hii isingeleta maana nzuri sanaa. hivy0 ndo sababu tunatumia viwakilishi (pronouns). Tuangalie mifano zaidi :
Mifano ya pronouns ni kama vile :
I , You , She , He , It , We , They , Me , Yours , Ours , It's , Myself ,... N.K
JINSI YA KUTUMIA PRONOUNS (VIWAKILISHI)
Kama nilivyosema hapo juu kuwa tunatumia maneno haya kuwakilisha majina (Nouns) . Kwa mfano badala ya kusema :
" Asha lives here "...... Tunaweza kusema ... "She lives here "
Angalia mifano hii :
Asha lives here = > She lives here
Anna and I are living here = > We are living here .
SASA HEBU TUANGALIE JINSI YA KUTUMIA PRONOUNS
UMOJA
I - Mimi
You - Wewe
He/She/it - yeye
WINGI
We - Sisi
You - Ninyi
They - Wao
Ufafanuzi zaidi:
1. I - hii hutumika na nafsi ya kwanza umoja... Yani mimi. Mfano : I live here (Ninaishi hapa.)
#Wingi wa nafsi hii ni "We"
2. You (wewe /ninyi) - hii inatumika na nafsi ya pili umoja na wingi. Mfano : You are reading this story (Unasoma hadithi hii / mnasoma hadithi hii)
#Wingi wa nafsi hii ni "You"
3. He (yeye) - hii hutumika kuwakilisha majina ya kiume ya nafsi ya tatu umoja.
Mfano :
Ally, Iddi, Juma, Alex, John,Wilson n.k
Juma is playing football = He is playing football
#Wingi wa kiwakilishi hiki ni "They"
4. She (yeye) - Hii hutumika kuwakilisha majina ya kike ya nafsi ya tatu.
Mfano:
Asha , Mwantumu , Mary , Anna , Irene , Vanessa , Mariamu ..... Majina haya huwakilishwa na "She"
Kwa mfano : Asha (She) likes football.
#Wingi wa nafsi hii ni "They"
5. It - hii hutumika na nafsi ya tatu umoja lakini kwa majina ya vitu, wanyama na mimea.
Mfano:
A goat eats grass = It eats grass
# Wingi wa nafsi hii ni "They" .
Mifano zaidi ya pronouns (viwakilishi)
I play football.
They need us.
(Wanatuhitaji.)
We are together.
(Tuko pamoja.)
I am listening to music.
(Ninasikiliza mziki.)
She loves her mother.
(Anampenda mama yake.)
It started to rain.
(Mvua ilianza kunyesha.)
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns - Hivi ni viwakilishi vinavyotumika kuwakilisha majina maalumu ya watu au vitu.
For example : I , me , mine , you, yours , his , her , hers , we , they , or them .
Pronouns hizi zinagawanyika katika sehemu kuu nne kama zifuatazo :
1. Subjective pronouns
2. Objective pronouns
3. Possissive pronouns
4. Reflexive pronouns
1. Subjective pronouns
Hivi ni viwakilishi vya mtenda au watenda wa kitenzi (verb) , viwakilishi hivi ni kama vile , I , you , we , he , she , it na they .
Examples :
I live here
He loves Mary
They saw me.
2. Objective pronouns
Hivi ni viwakilishi vya mtendwa wa kitenzi. (Yule anayefanyiwa kitendo.)
Viwakilishi hivi ni kama vile:
Examples:
He loves her.
They saw him.
She need us.
3. Possessive pronouns
Hivi ni viwakilishi ambavyo vinatumika kuonyesha umiliki wa vitu kwa watu.
Viwakilishi hivi ni kama vile:
My - yangu/changu/wangu/zangu/vyangu....
Mine - yangu/changu/wangu/zangu/vyangu....
Your - yako/chako/zako....
His/her - yake/chake/zake......
Our - yetu/zetu.....
Their - zao/vyao.....
Examples:
That bag is mine
(Begi lile ni la kwangu)
Take your money.
(chukua pesa yako.)
She will give her book.
(Atampa kitabu chake.)
His car.
(Gari lake.)
Her house.
(Nyumba yake.)
4. Reflexive Pronouns
Viwakilishi hivi ni kama vile , myself , himself , herself , itself , ourselves, yourselves , and themselves .
Myself (mi mwenyewe)
Himself (ye mwenyewe)
Herself (ye mwenyewe)
Itself (chenyewe /ye mwenyewe)
Yourselves (we mwenyewe)
Themselves (wao wenyewe)
Examples:
Juma prepared himself for the journey.
They will know themselves.
She fell and hurt herself.
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