Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense ni miongoni mwa tenses za msingi katika lugha ya kiingereza na ni tense ambayo inatumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku. Kabla hatujaangalia matumizi ya tense hii, tujifunze kwanza jinsi ya kutengeneza sentensi za tense hii.

Kawaida tenses huwa na miundo mitatu ya sentensi, yani : sentensi chanya, sentensi za kukanusha na sentensi za kuuliza maswali.

MIUNDO YA SENTENSI

Sentensi chanya (za kukubali)

Muundo wa sentensi hizi huwa hivi :

MTENDA + VERB

NB : Katika sentensi hizi chanya muundo wa verbs (vitenzi) huwa havibadiliki, ila kama ukitumia HE,SHE,IT na JINA LA UMOJA - basi lazima uongezee S /  ES / IES.

MIFANO :

- I live here. (ninaishi hapa.)

- We live here. (tunaishi hapa.)

- You live here. (Wewe huishi hapa.)

- He lives here. (yeye anaishi hapa.)

- She lives here. (Yeye anaishi hapa.)

- Anna lives here. (Anna huishi hapa.)

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Kwa mifano ya hapo juu, sehemu zote tulizotumia He,She,it na jina la mtenda mmoja tumeongezea S ila kote kulikobakia (I,You,We,They) hatujaongezea kitu.

Sentensi za kukanusha

Muundo wa sentensi unakuwa hivi :

MTENDA + DO / DOES + NOT + VERB

DO hutumika kwa I, You, We, They na majina ya wingi.

DOES hutumika kwa He, She, It  na majina ya umoja.

Na tukishatumia DO na DOES basi kitenzi (verb) kinabaki katika hali yake halisi kote kote - yani hakuna kuongeza S hata kama tukitumia He, She na it.

MIFANO :

- I do not live here. (Mimi siishi hapa,)
- You don't cook. (Wewe huwa hupiki.)
- He does not love me. (Yeye hanipendi mimi.)
- She does not know you.(Yeye hakufahamu.)
- They do not need you. (wao hawakuhitaji.)

PIA :

Do not = don't
Does not = doesn't

Sentensi za kuuliza maswali

Muundo wa sentensi huwa hivi:

DO / DOES + MTENDA + VERB.

MIFANO :

- Do you know me? (Je unanifahamu mimi?)
- Does he live here? (Je yeye anaishi hapa.)
- Do they speak English? (Je wanaongea kiingereza?)
- Does Anna speak Swahili? (Je Anna anaongea kiswahili?)

JINSI YA KUJIBU SWALI

SWALI : Do you speak English? (Je unaongea kiingereza?)
JIBU   : Yes, I do. (Ndiyo, naongea kiingerea.)

SWALI : Does Maryam go to work? (Je Maryam anaenda kazini?)
JIBU     : Yes, she does.

SASA TUANGALIE MATUMIZI YA TENSE HII NA MIFANO YAKE KIUJUMLA.

1. Hutumika kuelezea vitendo ambavyo vinafanyika kila siku au vitendo vinavyojirudia kila siku

-The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
(Treni huondoka kila saa 2 asubuhi.)

- I play tennis.
(Huwa nacheza tennis.)

- She always forgets her purse.
(Yeye husahau pochi lake kila wakati.)

- Do you play football?
(Je wewe hucheza mpira wa miguu?)

- Hutumika kuelezea tabia

-He only eats fish.
(yeye hula samaki tu.)

- I don't like reading books.
(Sipendi kusoma vitabu.)

Hutumika kuelezea taarifa za kweli

-The Earth revolves around the sun.
(Dunia hulizunguka jua.)

- Cats like milk.
(Paka hupenda maziwa.)

- Dar es salaam is in Tanzania.
(Dar es salaam iko Tanzania.)

Hutumika kuelezea matukio yajayo ambayo yameshapangwa tayari.

-The train leaves tonight at 7 PM.
(Treni kuondoka saa 1 usiku.)

-The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
(Basi haliwasili saa 5 asubuhi, linawasili saa 5 usiku.)

-The party starts at 8 o'clock.
(Sherehe inaanza saa 2.)

Hutumika katika habari,magazeti na makala(hapa sio lazima yawe matendo ya kila siku)

- The president dies.
(Raisi afariki.)

-The president closes schools.
(Raisi afunga shule.)

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Mifano zaidi :

I wake up at 6 AM.

( Huwa naamka saa 12 asubuhi )

You wake up at 6 AM.

( Huwa unaamka saa 12 asubuhi )

Aisha wakes up at 6 AM.

( Aisha huamka saa 12 asubuhi )

Does he like this t-shirt?

( Je anaipenda fulana hii?)

She loves her mother

( anampenda mama yake )

I drive a car

( ninaendesha gari )

You like this movie

(unaipenda muvi hii.)

They hate us

( wanatuchikia )

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